The Baroque Concerto Essay example -- essays research papers fc

The fancy ConcertoTable of ContentsSectionPage Number launching3Emergence3 - 4Corelli4 - 5Torelli5Conclusion6Bibliography7IntroductionIn simple terms, the word concerto translates into concert. Motets by Vidana, madrigals by Monteverdi as well as works by Corelli and Torelli are all described by their composers as concertos. The Baroque era was one in which many different styles of music had been formulated. These differing forms of music were influenced mainly by several factors. First and foremost would be the religious thinking and beliefs of this time, along with changing attitudes in politics. These two factors influenced the form of the Baroque concerto greatly. Baroque music mainly covers the times between 1580 to 1750. The first instance that the word concerto was printed was in 1587 i... ... six concertos are stylistically advanced when compared to the first six of the set. This can be mainly accounted to the sequence of concertino and ripieno alternating and becoming one with the solo violin and tutti (Anderson 7). Finally, unlike what Corelli had used, Torelli favored the three-movement pattern, betting slow -fast. ConclusionThe music described as a concerto evolved into something that had the meaning of something different than what it was originally intended for. It contains qualities, which cause it to have a consistent popularity, which is fundamentally caused by the constant integration of contrasting and to some extent combative forces within a coherent artistic framework.BibliographyAnderson, Nicholas. A guide to the Concerto. OxfordNew York, 1988.Hutchings, Arthur.The Baroque Concerto. Scribner and Sons, 1978.Gleason, Harold and Becker, Warren. Music in the Baroque. Frangipani Press Bloomington, Indiana, 1998.

Henry Ford :: Henry Ford Essays

When Henry Ford was born on June 30th, 1863, neither him nor anyone for that matter, knew what an important role he would take in the hereafter of mankind. Ford saw his number one car when he was 12. He and his father where riding into Detroit at the time. At that moment, he knew what he wanted to do with his aliveness he wanted to make a difference in the automobile industry. Through out his life, he achieved this in an extraordinary way. That is why he go out always be remembered in everyones heart. Whenever you drive down the road in your car, you can thank all of it to Henry Ford. Through his life he accomplished extraordinary achievements such as going from a poor farm boy to a wealthy inventor who helped Thomas Edison. When he was a young man, he figured out how to use simple inventions, such as the light bulb. He then taught himself the design of a steamboat engine. His goal was to cause a horse-less carriage. He had come up with several designs and in 1896, he produced h is first car, the Model A. When Fords first car came out, he had been interviewed by a reporter and when asked about the history of the car, he had said History is more or less bunk. Ford worked in Thomas Edisons pulverization for years and the left to become an apprentice for a car-producer in Detroit. While working there, he established how he was going to make the car. He looked by means of hundreds of books on bicycles and books on horse and buggies. Ford decided to use wheels from a bicycle, and the same steel framing. From the horse and buggy, he took the idea of the shape of the actual frame. He also made a handlebar that was in the same place as horse rider for a buggy. When Henry For opened his first automobile plant, non only did it bring much attention to the industry, but it also made people want to own a car so that they looked cool. citizenry knew that this was going to be a successful industry so they wanted to work in it. Even though most people think that the fi rst true car ever made by Henry Ford was the Model A they are actually being deceived. Henry Fords first actual cars were made for racing. Only a year or so later did Ford start making Model As.

U.S. and Global Media Perspectives on Afghanistan: Evaluating the Roles of the United States and the United Nations in Preserving World Peace :: Essays Papers

U.S. and Global Media Perspectives on Afghanistan Evaluating the Roles of the United States and the United Nations in Preserving World PeaceI.IntroAfghanistan was a neutral country in the twentieth century, receiving aid from the United States and Soviet Union until the 1970s. In the 1970s, Afganistans King Muhammad Zahir Khan was forced to deal with serious economic problems caused in large grapheme by a severe national drought. These economic problems caused a general unrest among the people of Afghanistan, and in July of 1973 a group of young military officers took things into their have got hands. King Zahir Khan was unseated, and this group proclaimed Afghanistan to be a republic with Zahir Khans cousin, Lt. Gen. Muhammad Daud Khan, becoming president and prime minister. Dauds reign was ephemeral in Afghanistans coup dtat of 1978, Daud was deposed by a group led by Noor Mohammed Taraki, who instituted Marxist reforms and aligned the country more closely with the Soviet Unio n. These events marked the beginning of what would become known as the Afghanistan War, a devastating conflict between anti-Communist Muslim Afghan guerrillas (mujahadeen) and Soviet forces and Afghan government. Mohammed Taraki was killed in family line of 1979 and Hafizullah Amin took power. With Amin taking the throne, the USSR did non hesitate to send troops into Afghanistan and had Amin executed, with the Soviet-supported Babrak Karmal becoming president. The United States, along with China and Saudi Arabia, channeled funds done Pakistan to the mujahadeen. The civil war ensued, and through the course of this war over six million people of the Afghanistan population fled the country, giving it the largest refugee population of any country in the world. By 1991-92, the US in the end reached an agreement with the USSR that neither would continue to supply aid to any faction in Afghanistan. Out of these previously US funded factions rose the Taliban, an armed Aghan factio n which seemingly was an Islamic movement. The Taliban, funded by the CIA during this war, fought with other factions for supremacy following the departure of Soviet troops as history would show, the Taliban became the dominant force in Afghanistan in the 1990s. The Taliban did not really exist as a coherent politico-military faction or movement before late 1994 prior to this time, they were members of other factions such as Harakat-e Islami and Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi, or operated independently without a centralized command center.

HIV/AIDS Public Health Policies: A Comparison Between South Africa and

HIV/AIDS is still a current public health concern for all countries of the world. investigate has helped progress the education and treatment of the virus, but some areas of the world still have difficulty with this public health concern. Out of all developing countries, in the south Africa has one of the highest percentages of their population living with HIV/AIDS while Cuba has one of the lowest percentages of their population living with the virus. In this paper, the public health policies of South Africa and Cuba regarding treatment, stripe and transmission will be discussed and compared.South Africa is one of the countries that are part of Sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS infected wad in the world. This region contains 10% of the population of the world and has 60% of HIV/AIDS infected people living in this area (Jacobsen, 2008). By 2007, the amount of people that had died in South Africa that were infected by the virus reached ov er two million (Gilbert, 2008). Due to the amount of people infected with the virus, the government and medical corporation of South Africa needed to implement a plan to deal with the epidemic. The National AIDS Coordinating Committee of South Africa (NACOSA) was formed in 1992 to develop a national plan to deal with the issue (South African Government Information, 2007). The National Strategic Plan (NSP) was developed by the NACOSA review in 1999 which focused on the government improving education, health services, reduction of poverty, the empowerment of women, and the provision of basic services such as shelter, clean water, and sanitation (South African Government Information, 2007, p. 18). In 2007, the South African government developed a National S... ...6Gilbert, L. (2008). Public health and health professionals in the times of HIV/AIDS. South African criticism Of Sociology, 39(2), 301-316. Gorry, C. (2008, July). Cubas HIV/AIDS strategy An integrated, rights-based appr oach, MEDICC Review International Journal of Cuban Health and Medicine. Retrieved from http//www.medicc.org/ns/assets/documents/Cuban%20HIV%20Strategy.pdfJacobsen, K. H. (2008). Introduction to global health. Sudbury, MA Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Peltzer, K., Preez, N., Ramlagan, S., & Fomundam, H. (2008). employment of traditional complementary and alternative medicine for HIV patients in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. BMC Public Health, 8255-268. South African Government Information. (2007, March 12). HIV & AIDS and STI strategical plan for South Africa 2007 2011. Retrieved from http//www.info.gov.za/otherdocs/2007/aidsplan2007/index.html

Televisions Manipulation of the Facts Essay -- Argumentative Persuasi

videos Manipulation of the Facts One of the principal(prenominal) activities that Americans participate in during their free time is observance the picture. Since its invention over sixty years ago, the television has been a source of enjoyment and information for the American citizen (Pember, 1981). Though what one forgathers on the television is non what one should always believe. Many people look at television with the camera never lies attitude, and are easily manipulated by this medium. People are manipulated by television because most television programming is chinkled by a small number of companies, this is a main source of information, and people all too ofttimes trust what they witness in the media. Because television is controlled by an oligolistic market, the some companies that do control television programming are able to benefit from a capacious deal of selectivity, and would not put something on a intelligence service cast that would harm their business. The media is also able to manipulate people because television is one of the main sources of information in this country from local password casts, to news related magazines like 20/20 and Dateline. These programs show a very limited plenty of the facts due to time restraints and company wide bias (Kaufman, 1998). And many an(prenominal) people do not question what they witness on news shows, which can be very detrimental the their own knowledge of the facts. These three causes uphold a society where the media many times has the upper hand in directing peoples decisions, and consequently manipulating society as a whole. In the modern era, with crinkle and satellite television there is wide array of programming to choose from. A television connected to the latest technology can receive over 200 channels. Many pe... ...dia significantly effects many of the decisions that we make in our lives, and the media has learned to control how American citizens think and behave. There is no wonder that what we see on television is called programming. Works Cited Bagdikian, B. (1983) The Media Monopoly pp. xv, 4, 187 Kaufman, R. (1998) Review of Jerry Manders Four Arguments For The Elimination Of elevision availible online http//www.netreach.net/kaufman/ Mander, J. (1977) Four Arguments For The Elimination Of Television Review by Kaufman, R. availible on line http//www.netreach.net/kaufman/ Mann, J. (1982) What is TV doing to America, continue of Mass Media pp. 25-27 Pember, D. (1981) Mass Media in America pp. 178, 181 Stevetwt (1998) Media Watch availible online http//www.infoasis.com/www/people/stevetwt/Media/media_watch.html Televisions Manipulation of the Facts turn out -- Argumentative PersuasiTelevisions Manipulation of the Facts One of the main activities that Americans participate in during their free time is watching the television. Since its invention over sixty years ago, the television has been a source of enjoyment and informatio n for the American citizen (Pember, 1981). Though what one sees on the television is not what one should always believe. Many people look at television with the camera never lies attitude, and are easily manipulated by this medium. People are manipulated by television because most television programming is controlled by a small number of companies, this is a main source of information, and people all too often trust what they witness in the media. Because television is controlled by an oligolistic market, the few companies that do control television programming are able to benefit from a great deal of selectivity, and would not put something on a news cast that would harm their business. The media is also able to manipulate people because television is one of the main sources of information in this country from local news casts, to news related magazines like 20/20 and Dateline. These programs show a very limited view of the facts due to time restraints and company wide bias (Kaufma n, 1998). And many people do not question what they witness on news shows, which can be very detrimental the their own knowledge of the facts. These three causes promote a society where the media many times has the upper hand in directing peoples decisions, and therefore manipulating society as a whole. In the modern era, with cable and satellite television there is wide array of programming to choose from. A television connected to the latest technology can receive over 200 channels. Many pe... ...dia significantly effects many of the decisions that we make in our lives, and the media has learned to control how American citizens think and behave. There is no wonder that what we see on television is called programming. Works Cited Bagdikian, B. (1983) The Media Monopoly pp. xv, 4, 187 Kaufman, R. (1998) Review of Jerry Manders Four Arguments For The Elimination Of elevision availible online http//www.netreach.net/kaufman/ Mander, J. (1977) Four Arguments For The Elimination O f Television Review by Kaufman, R. availible on line http//www.netreach.net/kaufman/ Mann, J. (1982) What is TV doing to America, Impact of Mass Media pp. 25-27 Pember, D. (1981) Mass Media in America pp. 178, 181 Stevetwt (1998) Media Watch availible online http//www.infoasis.com/www/people/stevetwt/Media/media_watch.html

Televisions Manipulation of the Facts Essay -- Argumentative Persuasi

Televisions Manipulation of the Facts One of the main activities that Ameri jakess participate in during their exonerate time is watching the goggle box system. Since its invention over sixty old age ago, the television has been a source of enjoyment and information for the American citizen (Pember, 1981). Though what one sees on the television is not what one should always believe. Many pack look at television with the camera never lies attitude, and are easily manipulated by this medium. tribe are manipulated by television because most television programming is controlled by a sm all told number of companies, this is a main source of information, and mass all too often trust what they witness in the media. Because television is controlled by an oligolistic market, the few companies that do control television programming are able to proceeds from a great deal of selectivity, and would not put something on a tidings cast that would harm their business. The media is also abl e to manipulate people because television is one of the main sources of information in this country from local anaesthetic news casts, to news related magazines like 20/20 and Date arguing. These programs show a very limited view of the facts due to time restraints and company large-minded bias (Kaufman, 1998). And many people do not question what they witness on news shows, which can be very detrimental the their own fellowship of the facts. These three causes promote a society where the media many times has the upper hand in directing peoples decisions, and therefore manipulating society as a whole. In the modern era, with cable and satellite television there is wide array of programming to pick out from. A television connected to the latest technology can receive over 200 channels. Many pe... ...dia significantly effects many of the decisions that we make in our lives, and the media has learned to control how American citizens think and behave. There is no wonder that what we see on television is called programming. Works Cited Bagdikian, B. (1983) The Media Monopoly pp. xv, 4, 187 Kaufman, R. (1998) Review of Jerry Manders quaternity Arguments For The Elimination Of elevision availible online http//www.netreach.net/kaufman/ Mander, J. (1977) Four Arguments For The Elimination Of Television Review by Kaufman, R. availible on line http//www.netreach.net/kaufman/ Mann, J. (1982) What is TV doing to America, Impact of Mass Media pp. 25-27 Pember, D. (1981) Mass Media in America pp. 178, 181 Stevetwt (1998) Media Watch availible online http//www.infoasis.com/www/people/stevetwt/Media/media_watch.html Televisions Manipulation of the Facts Essay -- Argumentative PersuasiTelevisions Manipulation of the Facts One of the main activities that Americans participate in during their free time is watching the television. Since its invention over sixty years ago, the television has been a source of enjoyment and information for the Americ an citizen (Pember, 1981). Though what one sees on the television is not what one should always believe. Many people look at television with the camera never lies attitude, and are easily manipulated by this medium. People are manipulated by television because most television programming is controlled by a small number of companies, this is a main source of information, and people all too often trust what they witness in the media. Because television is controlled by an oligolistic market, the few companies that do control television programming are able to benefit from a great deal of selectivity, and would not put something on a news cast that would harm their business. The media is also able to manipulate people because television is one of the main sources of information in this country from local news casts, to news related magazines like 20/20 and Dateline. These programs show a very limited view of the facts due to time restraints and company wide bias (Kaufman, 1998). And ma ny people do not question what they witness on news shows, which can be very detrimental the their own knowledge of the facts. These three causes promote a society where the media many times has the upper hand in directing peoples decisions, and therefore manipulating society as a whole. In the modern era, with cable and satellite television there is wide array of programming to choose from. A television connected to the latest technology can receive over 200 channels. Many pe... ...dia significantly effects many of the decisions that we make in our lives, and the media has learned to control how American citizens think and behave. There is no wonder that what we see on television is called programming. Works Cited Bagdikian, B. (1983) The Media Monopoly pp. xv, 4, 187 Kaufman, R. (1998) Review of Jerry Manders Four Arguments For The Elimination Of elevision availible online http//www.netreach.net/kaufman/ Mander, J. (1977) Four Arguments For The Elimination Of Television Re view by Kaufman, R. availible on line http//www.netreach.net/kaufman/ Mann, J. (1982) What is TV doing to America, Impact of Mass Media pp. 25-27 Pember, D. (1981) Mass Media in America pp. 178, 181 Stevetwt (1998) Media Watch availible online http//www.infoasis.com/www/people/stevetwt/Media/media_watch.html

Manila and Rizal Essay

Even if this great existence lived a century and a half ago, his t all(prenominal)ings and the ideals he embodied are still alive today. In fact, in that location is a little bit of Jose Rizal in everyone if you only take a close look. He would probably squander his fortunes by now, because he loves women, and he is probably working as on OFW maybe as a Mercenary for a esoteric military company abroad. Or he immigrated to Spain and worked as a Physician And enjoys the weekend at the beach with his girlfriends, or he could have been Public opposite number one for speaking the truth against the corrupt Religious establishments and Philippine Government. Much of Rizals greatness has been downplayed over the years. Most people only whop of Dr. Rizal as the writer of two Filipino literary pieces that are studied in high school. He appears on the humble one peso coin. Hundreds contact at Rizal Park, plain if not to remember our national hero, then to spend a leisurely Sunday afterno on.However, people may wonder how a man born 150 years ago can be considered relevant in todays times. The Philippines is no longer under Spanish Rule, and theres no revolution going on. Filipinos are still being oppressed by debilitating poverty. The countrys resources are being raped. spell we declare ourselves to be a democracy, there is no authentic freedom from the bondage of poverty, illiteracy, corruption and the manipulation of the masses. Or maybe other people would destine of him as an ordinary person plainly like you and me. He is not going to be our national hero if he were alive today. But cognize the capability of Rizal he might just be one of the Philippines prominent personality like.Casino.Abalos.Fernando etcAlso in the politics because Rizal is a known speaker and a critics of the government then. But didnt you notice that is why Rizal was born in those time and age for him to be somebody else. He wasnt put to be in these time & age.Why? Because his talent and his ability will be gone for naught or for nothing. That is why there is a time for each and every one of us, not to the time we choose it to be but what God has plan for all of us. But some people would also say that. Rizal was not meant for this time. He has his own place and time just like we do. If ever he was living at this time, probably the Philippines are speaking in different languages just like him. And the Philippines are much more stable in economic terms. You dont need to be a doctor, rich, wellhead educated, well traveled or get shot in the back to be like Rizal.There is Rizal in you if you love your country, if you respect your fellowman and want what is vanquish for the nation. If you are willing to set aside your personal interests for that of the common or greater good, then there is Rizal in you I think Jose Rizal would work as an ophthalmologist and serve the poor people in depressed areas At the same time He would educate the Filipino youth as a teacher. Hed be the first one to write articles against the corrupt government. If Jose Rizal were alive today, he would probably run for public office, since nowadays, thats what heroes and sons of heroes do. He would even likely be President.Up to this day, the received wisdom is that he had retracted and the many objections to it have been forgotten through the years. Rizals alleged retraction became just another controversy and his heroism diminished under a cloud. Fortunately, Rizal was both intellectually gifted, having mastered many different languages and being a versatile wizardry in many fields and strong in character, as he possessed outstanding traits like courage, devotion to truth, integrity, selflessness, and loyalty. Jose Rizal gives all of us inspiration in all the things we do. He is inspires us to be hardworking and diligent, which most of us are not. Rizal is our hero, our inspiration, our lesson of the past that we should be a man for our country.

Federal Government of the United States and Real Estate Essay

She is the editor and publisher of the widely respected computer newsletter Release 1. 0. She served as a reporter for Forbes clipping for four years and is a chair psyche for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. She is on the board of the Sante Fe Institute and the Global Business network and the Institute for tocopherol/West Studies. Dysons view on internet regulations is that government regulations are counter productive and realisticly impossible. I agree with her in that mesh is a new frontier of happen uponing that cannot single handedly be controlled by the U. S. government.Our society needs to implement our own powers of individual responsibility in this wonderful, enlightening, yet sometimes detrimental intellectual frontier. Dyson compares how cyberspace is virtually the same as real estate. She states that you could think of cyberspace as a giant and unbounded world of virtual real estate(420). The key words in her observation are the words that Americans have a dee p love for in their genes and psyche an unbounded world. Thats what cyberspace is. It is even bigger than that it is an unbounded new frontier And we can explore this unbounded new frontier from any comfort that suits us. cyberspace is like any really great book one can go any where he or she wants to go, be whomever he or she wants to be, learn whatever he or she cares to learn about, and be fascinated beyond ones limits of imagination, all from the comfort of an old, beloved, beat-up, Lazy Boy recliner star can explore every interest, curiosity, desire to learn about unknown people, places, things, with the touch of his or her fingers. However, with all new frontiers there are dangers and drawbacks. Referencing Dysons similitude to cyberspace and real estate, some places, such as parks, are made for everyones enjoyment. virtually real estate areas are made for home residences. around for business enterprises that everyone can enjoy. And then there are some real estate areas tha t are not appropriate for children. Cyberspace is no different in this way than real estate , books, pictures, magazines, or people and the things they say and do. Some web-sites are set up for children and are wonderful educational tools to help them nail their minds, imaginations, hearts and souls. Some web-sites help educate people and improve their lives in ways that they could never afford the money or the travel time otherwise.Some web-sites allow us to learn ways that we can help others through donated dollars, kind words, material possessions, etc. Then there are places in cyberspace that represent the darker side of humanity unless as in the places, books, people, deeds, in the terrestrial world. This dark side of humanity is what we all want to protect our children from. precisely how? The use of censorship in the United States of America is unconstitutional and the government censoring of cyberspace should never happen. Cyberspace is a place where a person has the free dom to choose where they want to go and what knowledge they want to access.In America, it is unconstitutional to ban books because of offensive content. Our citizens bequeath just choose not to analyse the book. However there are those who want to censor cyberspace because of some of the offensive sites. There have been many reform bills proposed by lawmakers in the U. S. Senate and sign of the zodiac that have tried to protect children from cyberspace. Cyberspace is a new frontier for every being on our earth. Some countries go forth censor the cyber world just as they censor their own citizens and their choices. However, people in America do not tolerate censorship.They understand the concept of personal responsibility. Where a person chooses to go in cyberspace is his/her own destination. Ultimately in all aspects of life, we are free to choose our destinations with the books we choose to read, the lessons we choose to grasp, and the cyber sites we choose to visit. Dyson sta tes that Cyberspace isnt a frontier where wicked people can grab unsuspecting children, nor is it a giant television system that can beam offensive messages at disinclined viewers(420). We must protect cyberspace from censorship just as fervently as we protect free speech.Cyberspace will ultimately triumph itself just as any free enterprise system must do in order to be successful. Some sites offer free information that is available to anyone. If the information is interesting to an individual and is valid, then the site will probably be successful and attract many viewers. However, if a site is skilful of offensive material that is inappropriate to children, it is up to the server to restrict the viewers. There are moderators in the cyberspace world who monitor web-sites, as well as the information presented.Cyber communities exist just as actual communities do. There are communities of family and children oriented web-sites, of young singles oriented web-sites, and there are co mmunities of porn oriented web-sites. The success of each site depends on how it conducts itself self-rule. In the near future, explorers in cyberspace will need to get better at defining and identifying their communities. They will need to put in place-and accept-their own local government, just as the owners of expensive real estate often prefer to have their own certificate guards rather than call in the police(422).In conclusion, I agree with Dyson that cyberspace must be controlled, but not by government. Ultimately parents, cyberspace servers, sites, communities, and individuals must regulate this new universe of information. Just as with any successful business in our free enterprise system, supply and demand will dictate whether a cyber site will be a success. Individuals must have total freedom in cyberspace to choose where they want to go and with that freedom comes personal responsibility. Americans value freedom it is the value that built our great country.

“Piano Lesson” Analysis Essay

A title of a work is carefully chosen to not hardly hitting interest but also to give some sort of clue as to the significance of the work. In the case of August Wilsons The Piano Lesson, the title, though a play on words, reveals how important the piano is to the message Wilson is trying to convey. The piano, as an object, moves the plot of the play along since the counterpoint is the two main casings armed combat over it. On the other mickle, the piano, as a symbol, represents the perseverance of history in an individuals lives. Its presence and symbolism work hand in hand to communicate the lesson that family history remains with a person and its their responsibility to decide how to use it.Looking at the different characters and their views on the piano provides evidence of this message. The play begins with Boy Willie barging into the sign where his sister, Berniece, lives with his uncle, Doaker. Boy Willies purpose for being there is to sell the piano that Berniece keeps so that he can buy the land from his relatives former slave owners. He knows the importance of the piano but views it as an object and a means for achieving his own success so that he can prove that he deserves as much respect as the white man. He says, The only thing my daddy had to give me was that pianoI aint gonna let it sit up here and rot without trying to do something with it (1.2).In his mind, keeping his familys legacy isnt with remembering them through the piano but using the piano as a means of making money, which to him will honor them in the long run. He tells his sister, Im supposed to build on what they left menow the kind of man my daddy was he would have understood that (1.2).He does acknowledge though that the prehistorical is something to be proud of. He lectures Berniece, You ought to mark down on the calendar the day that dada Boy Charles brought that piano into the houseand every year when it come up throw a party. Have a celebration. If you did that Maretha wouldnt have no line in life (2.5).Boy Willies sister, Berniece, takes an entirely different approach when it comes to her choice of how the piano is used. Berniece is a character that lives in the past in an unwholesome way. The past has hardened her and it shows in the way she raises her child, Maretha, telling her not to go off showing her color (1.1).When Doaker comments on Berniece keeping the memory of her deceased conserve saying, she still holding ontoto him (1.2) is further evidence of her clinging to the past but not using those memories in a productive manner. Unlike Willie, she views the piano as a symbol of her familys heritage but fears it. She scolds Boy Willie for trying to sell it when she says, You always talking about your daddy but you aint neer stopped to look at what his foolishness cost your mamacold nights and an empty bedFor a piano? To labor even with somebody? (1.2).She shows her acerbity to the past by refusing to play the piano and refusing to tel l her daughter of its history. Berniece is also afraid of the piano because of those who died because of it. Her mother died honoring it and her father died trying to get it. She explains to her suitor, Avery, I dont play that piano cause I dont want to wake them enliven (2.2). She faces that fear when Boy Willie comes to the house bringing a ghost with him however, the ghost isnt their dead relatives but Sutters. The presence of the ghost forces Berniece to face the past and Boy Willie to acknowledge that the past matters bonny as much as the future. The play concludes when Avery, who is a preacher, comes to the house to get rid of the ghost. The ghost protests and fights with Boy Willie. It is then that Berniece plays the piano to call on the spirits of her dead relatives singing, I want you to help me (2.2). By doing this she learns the lesson that the past isnt there to burden her but to give her strength for the future. Boy Willie also learns the lesson that the past is alive and that using it doesnt have to be materialistic. It can simply be used to remember who you are.The lesson that the two characters learn is Wilsons way of communication to the audience how important family legacy is. The characters growth in terms of their views on the piano display how easily one can unload sight of what is important in terms of being a person. Boy Willie thinks being somebody is materialistic while Berniece hides from being somebody at all. though the main characters take a big part of the play the pianos reoccurring presence and symbolism is the central focus of the play since it is through it that the conflict comes together, through it that the characters learn their lessons, and through it that family history is brought to life.

Richards Story

Apart from disfigurement, other psychosocial issues Richard might face include but atomic number 18 not especial(a) to sleep disorder, fear and anxiety around open flames, depression, loose of self-esteem and PTSD. Additional precaution needs to be taken to make sure Richard maintains some functions in his shortent fingers. or so of these precautions should be occupational therapy and physical therapy. Due Richard was flasht in the face, other systems may be compromised.The systems that could be affected are the respiratory system (because his nose could be prunet), the digestive system (because if his mouth is affected, then his ability to eat, chew or drink might be impeded. ) and ofcourse his nauseating system as the nerves in his face allow for be dead. Based on the fact that Richard is losing a lot of body fluid his nutritional needs are high protein food, water, high calorie drinks, fruits and vegetable, and fatty food because fat is a readily available source of energ y.Partial thickness burn is extremely painful because most of the nerve endings which detect and interpret pain and sensation are located in the dermis where partial thickness burn occurs. Partial thickness burn would heal faster because it is not as deep into the skin and therefore skin rejuvenation is more possible. Functions compromised by the burn on Richards skin are the ability to secret sweat, the ability to convert sun to vitamin D, ability to comfort against infection, ability to regulate temperature and the ability to protect against infection.Other skin functions that should be a concern to the medical staff is that Richards skin will lose the ability to store blood and there will be no tissue growth. His skin will also lose the ability to maintain water and salt balance. It is unlikely for Richard to grow blur to cover the scars on his chest because his whisker follicles in the burnt area are damaged and there can be no more hair growth because of this. Also the sca r tissue is covering the pores from which hair sprouts. During the first phase of wound healing, inflammation takes place first. Blisters orm on the outer edges of the burns as the wounds begin to form scabs. Formation of granulation tissue will not lead to normal appearing/ formation of skin as Richard heals. This is because granulation tissue is scar tissue and scar tissue does not appear normal or allow hair growth or normal skin function. Some long term consequences include the inability to regulate temperature and feel pain because of the dead nerve endings at the site of the burn. Numbness may occur, his body will not be able to secret sweat and he might gain weight because of this.

British Depth Study 1890-1918 Essay

What were the living and social conditions like in the 1890s? Living conditions* Towns became everywherecrowded.* lot lived in slums, often whole families lived in matchless room. * No internal water supplies.* Shared outside toilets.* Limited electricity, wealthy families were arresting to get it. * Larger families only when higher infant mortality.* Very restrain birth control, moral distaste.* Church taught contraception was wrong.Working conditions* Most workers worked in factories.* Peace work wo men given work to do at home or in small workshops, sewing or making matchboxes or candles, more a(prenominal) others worked in textile factories. It was used to supplement the mans income. * No minimal wage or restrictions on the amount of hours worked. * No unemployment benefit, sick pay or pensions.* Many workers only had seasonal employment.* Safety at work had improved, grade of pay were still the same. The state believed it was down to the employee to accept a wage. St ate of education* State education until twelve.* Church schools provided a different type of education, most school were church schools. * Factory schools educated the children of their workers. * Very limited secondary education, only available for the wealthy Victorian attitudes and solutions to privation* Rich deserved to be rich, poor people deserved to be poor.* Deserving poor were morally correct, mainly women and children. * The undeserving poor spent money on beer, drugs and prostitutes and were morally irresponsible. * Had to facilitate yourself.* People went to workhouses, worked for food and a bed.What were social reformers doing in 1890s and what motives were at that place for reforms? William carrell and the repurchase Army* Like Christian groups gave hot soup and bread to nation precisely did more(prenominal). * William and Catherine Booth went out and found poor people within East London. * East London mission expanded until in 1878 had 45 branches and was call ed Salvation Army. * Organised like an phalanx.* Used fear-grabbing techniques smart uniforms, brass bands to get attention and money. * By 1900 it ran training centres, labour exchange to help people find jobs, a farm and brickworks. * Designed to help people and train poor.* Salvation Army gathered information about poor and causes of privation, showed some people couldnt help be poor out of their control * William Booth described poverty in three circles the starving and homeless (honest poor), those that lived by vice and those that lived by execration. Charles Booth* Wealthy Liverpudlian, inherited business and moved to London. * Refused to accept Government statistic that 25% of working population in London was in poverty. * Spent 17 old age with a team investigating living conditions, income and sp send awaying of over 4000 people. * Found 31% of Londoners lived below poverty line.* Many thought it was their own fault they were poor but Booth worked out 85% were poor because of wage and unemployment problems. Split the poor into four groups* Class A lowest class street sellers, criminals, loafers breeding of savages with extreme hardship 11,000/1.25% population * Class B causal createings widows, deserted women, part prison term labourers shiftless and helpless 110,000/11.25% population * Class C occasional earnings hit by trade depressions 75,000/8% population * Class D low wages,less than 21 shillings per week dock labourers and tout workers -just enough to survive 129,000/14.5% population Seebohm Rowntree* Intrigued by Charles Booths findings he wanted to see how York compared. * Calculated a family of 5, 3 adults and two children could live finish up 21 shillings and 8 pence per week. * Found 28% of York families were below this line, divided them into two categories * Primary poverty no matter how hard a family worked, they would never earn enough money to provide themselves with adequate food, shelter and clothing. Thes e families didnt stand a chance. * Secondary poverty These families could just about feed, clothe and shelter themselves, provided there were no additional calls on their income. These families lived on the edge. * 10% of York in Primary poverty, 18% in Secondary poverty. * Used Booths idea of poverty line to work out when may be above or below.Other motives* Surveys like those of Charles Booth and Rowntree changed opinion. * Impact of the Boer War 40% volunteers were unfit for the array and falling behind Germany. People feared Britain would no longer be great power imperially, economically and militarily unless looked after people better. * German regime had already introduced social reforms like pension and insurance schemes. * Labour party formed in 1900 poised a threat and Liberals feared losing working class ballotings unless they acted. * In 1906 Liberals win landslide majority and were expected to act. * Some New Liberals were in Cabinet and had the power and responsib ility to help the state.What reforms were brought in?ElderlyPensions practise (1908)* Gave weekly pensions from government funds to the elderly. * Only for over 70s* Promised to be introduced in 1908 and made law the year after. * Single person could receive 5s (s=shillings) per week. * Married couple could receive 7s 6d (d=pence). after increased to 10s.ChildrenFree school day Meals (1906)* Local councils given power to give tolerant school meals to children from the poorest families * Paid for from the local rates* By 1914, 158,000 children were getting gratuitous meal one time per daySchool medical examination inspections (1907)* Doctors and nurses went to schools and gave compulsory medical checks. * Recommended any treatment that should be done.* Checks were free, treatment wasnt.* In 1912 treatment became freeChildrens Act (1908)* Children became protected persons, people could be prosecuted for cruelty against them. * Poor law authorities had to visit and supervise chil dren who had suffered cruelty or been neglected. * All childrens homes were registered and inspected.* Children chthonian 14 who broke the law couldnt go to adult prisons. * Juvenile courts were set up to try children accused of a crime. * Children who committed a crime were sent to Borstals, specially built and equipped for young offenders * Children under 14 couldnt go in pubs.* Cigarettes couldnt be sold to under 16s.School clinics (1912)* Network of school clinics set up to provide free medical treatment. * Necessary because some parents could non afford the treatment needed that was discovered during medical inspections.The sick and unemployedLabour Exchanges Act (1909)* National string of labour exchanges set up.* Unemployed workers went to labour exchange to look for work. * More efficient than tramping virtually workplaces and more efficient for those offering work to people. * Like modern job centre.National Insurance Act (1911)* Insurance scheme aimed to prevent poverty because of illness. * Workers could embrace themselves against sickness and draw money from the scheme if they fell ill and could non work. * All manual workers and people in low-paid white-collar jobs had to join. * Workers paid 4d for insurance stamps which they stuck on a special card. * Employers postd 3d per worker.* Government contributed 2d per worker.* If a worker fell ill they got sick pay of 10s for 13 weeks, then 5s for 13 weeks in any one year.National Insurance Act, Part 2 (1911)* Aimed to prevent poverty because of unemployment.* Insured workers for the periods of time that they were out of work. * At the start scheme pass around to mainly men who worked in jobs where there was a great deal of seasonal unemployment such as shipbuilding and engineering. * Workers, employers and Government each paid 2d in insurance stamps per week. * When unemployed workers could claim 7s 6d per week for 15 weeks.How effective were these reforms?ChildrenBenefits* Free school meals f or the poorest families children. * Free medical checks at school and after 1912 free treatment. * New laws passed to protect children.Drawbacks* Had to pay for medical problems between 1907 and 1912 despite free checks. * Only some councils gave free school meals.* Limited enforcement of new laws.ElderlyBenefits* Funded by the state (non-contributory).* Provided some state assistance.* Kept elderly out of workhouse.DrawbacksCouldnt get it if* Had been in prison within the last ten years.* Earned over 31 2s per year.* Hadnt been a British citizen for twenty years.The SickBenefits* 10 million men and 4 million women involved.* Stopped people falling into poverty through sickness.* Allowed people to get money if they were ill.* Got 9d for every 4d paid in.Drawbacks* Cost worker 4d for insurance stamps, employers paid 3d and Government 2d. * Could only claim for 26 weeks per year, half at reduced rate. * Was compulsory.The unemployedBenefits* Stopped people going into poverty because o f unemployment * Labour exchanges.* Helped people who were in seasonal employment.Drawbacks* Cost worker, employer and Government 2d per week.* Only available for 15 weeks per year.* Limited to a number of professions (2.25m eligible).Female SuffrageWhat were the social, political and legal positions of women in the 1890s?Working class* to begin with 1870, most didnt go to school. In 1870 state education set up and became compulsory by 1880. * By 1900 97% of all children could read and write.* At school predominantly taught to be good housewife.* Most working class women had small job supplement mans income. * Near end nineteenth century new jobs for women appearing e.g. typing. * Got less pay for same wage as men and worked long hours.Middle and upper class women* Educated to be good companions.* In 2nd half of 19th century women got more freedom.* Still hard for women to get into higher education.* Womens colleges had been set up but women still couldnt get degrees. * New employ ment opportunities opened up for middle-class women teaching, nursing and clerical work.Marriage* Inferior position to hubbys.* Became property of husband when they married, transferred all belongings. * Could rape and batter wives, women couldnt instigate divorce. * Some changes came in in 1900 women could divorce men for cruelty, desertion and bigamy, women kept property after marriage, women couldnt be kept in husbands home against will.Votes* Women had good jobs but couldnt ballot.* In 1867 Parliament had considered giving women the vote but immovable against it.For and against female suffrageFor* Women had wealth and careers but were not allowed to vote. * It would get men to raise their moral standards like women. * Equality would stop pre-marital sex, prostitution and venereal disease. * Britain is not a democracy until women get the vote.* Voting is a right to which women are entitled.* Other countries were giving women the vote.Against* Women and men have separate sphere s.* Most women do not want the vote.* Women are represented by their husbands.* It is dangerous to change a system that isnt broken. * Womens role is in local affairs.* Women do not fight to defend their country.How effective were the activities of the suffragists and the suffragettes?Suffragists* Bulk of shake upers they encouraged, educated and persuaded people. * Didnt undertake direct action campaign.* Entered political pact with labour party.Suffragettes* Were the minority.* Set up by Emmeline Pankhurst and her two daughters.* Frustrated in 1906 when the vote wasnt given to women. * At start causes nuisance and attacked symbols of the state.Winning the vote* Propaganda newspapers, posters and pamphlets* Meetings and demonstrations held mass meetings and parades drawing over 20,000 protestors. * civil disobedience and petitions not paying taxes, boycotted 1911 census, 1910 petition to parliament in support of Conciliation point, over 250,000 signatures. * Hunger descends 1909 a number of WSPU supporters went on hunger strike whilst in prison to be recognised as political prisoners. Authorities force-fed them and passed cat and mouse act in 1913. * Suffragette violence Slasher Mary destroyed paintings at the National Gallery, Lloyd Georges second home was firebombed, Emily Davidson dies at the Derby in 1913.Cat and Mouse Act* Women began going on hunger strike in 1909 to be recognised as political prisoners. * Government couldnt allow them to die and be seen as martyrs. * First started releasing them after a fewer days then started force-feeding. * In 1913 Cat and Mouse Act was passed allowing the women on hunger strike to be released after a few days and re-arrested once they had gone back to a healthy weight.Conciliation Bill* WSPU calls off violence when Asquith agrees to give women the vote. * Asquith stalls on Conciliation Bill.* WSPU protests and turns into Black Friday, fights with police prima(p) to WSPU members being assaulted. Date Acti ons by Parliament Actions by Militants1906 Liberals elected to Government Start to disrupt liberals meetings to get votes for women discussed. 1907 Government shows no gratify in votes for women NUWSS organises march to London 1908 Herbert Asquith becomes Prime Minister Suffragettes step up campaign to prove to support for womens votes to Asquith 1908 Some WSPU members arrestedWSPU smash windows in drink Street and chain themselves to railings 1909 Start force-feeding in prisons WSPU step up campaignsHunger strikes in prison start 1910 Discussions about Conciliation BillGovernment stall about Conciliation Bill WSPU suspend campaignBlack Friday, when Government stalls. 1911 Government abandons Conciliation Bill and gives more votes to men WSPU furiously restart and step-up campaign 1912 Massive window smashing campaign by WSPUWSPU headquarters raided and many arrests, Cristobel Pankhurst flees to Paris 1913 Introduction of the Cat and Mouse Act Violence is increasedEmily Davidson dies at the Derby 1914 Cracks down on WSPUWSPU prisoners released at start of the contend Continues with more violence, lose public supportHalts campaign when struggle breaks outDid the violent methods of the Suffragettes help?Yes* Made female suffrage front page news, brought to the attention of the public and Government. * When the issue had been raised it wouldnt go away. Sooner or later theyd get the vote. * The idea of women voting became less strange.* The violence didnt change Asquiths opinions, he was already against it.No* Violence played into Governments guides, gave them an excuse not to give them the vote. * Government at time appeared close to giving vote but couldnt be seen to be giving in to violence. * Violence turned moderate MPs against female suffrage, wherefore bills for suffrage failed. * Supported the view women were not responsible enough to vote. * In 1913/14 NUWSS was growing in popularity at expense of WSPU, turning away from violence.How did women cont ribute to the contend safari?Attitude of campaigners to the outbreak of state of contend* WSPU called off campaign and contributed to the war effort. * Emmeline and Cristobel Pankhurst started Right to serve campaign demanding bigger roles for women. * Sylvia Pankhurst headed a breakaway peaceful movement opposing the war. * NUWSS Millicent Fawcett backed the effort and NUWSS helped enrolling women to work in factories. Continued to campaign for suffrage but more low key.Roles of women during the war* Supporting men run families whilst men away fighting (extra responsibility) * Occupied position in the workforce.* Worked in expanded armaments factories and other jobs vacated by men. * Vital especially after munitions crisis of 1915 and by 1918 6 million women in employment (mainly munitions). * Suffered poor conditions e.g. canaries who worked with dangerous chemicals (sulfur) * Canaries skin went yellow, some were sterilised by chemicals and some got kidney and liver disease . * Womens land army 16,000 women joined army to grow food, act as nurses and drivers.Problems women faced* Balancing work and home* Food problems rationing and food prices* Monetary problems rent strikes, opinionated by Rent Restriction Act. * Separation allowances money paid to wives of servicemen and a pension if he died at war.Changing social attitudes* Motherhood Mothers day introduced in 1916 to celebrate importance of women. Raised profile of mothers and encourage growth of birth rate, including recognition of unmarried mothers. * Greater social freedom utilised extra income and numerous affairs leading to growth of STDs, some councils attempted a curfew to solve problem.Why women were given the vote in 1918Problems with the franchise* Wartime problems many men lost the right to vote and registers out of date * Lobbying by Fawcett and NUWSS petitioned electoral conference held in 1917Details of the 1918 Representation of the Peoples Act* All women over 30 allowed to vote and become MPs, all men over 21 could vote * There were some concerns over the majority of the electorate being women and young women lacking maturityReasons for female suffrage in 1918* Changing attitude of politicians more sympathetic Lloyd George straight off PM * Contribution to the war effort war work gave ideal reason for many politicians to end opposition * Limited female suffrage appeased moderate opponents * Fear of return to suffragette militancy reverse prospect of locking women up who had helped the war effortCampaign did not end until 1928 when the age of voting was equalised to 21Impact of WWIHow were civilians affected by the war?Recruitment* Initial voluntary campaign led by Kitchener* million men joined in first month, 2.5 million by March 1916 * manpower kept together in Pals Battalions* Liberal Government wouldnt force people to join up* In 1914 Britain had a huge empire but army of only 250,000 men * January 1916 Conscription Act passed making all me n ages between 18-41 eligible for military service * Those in vital war industries were keptbackConscientious Objectors* People who would not join up mainly religious or humanitarian reasons e.g. Quakers * Mostly viewed as cowards by common public and referred to as conchies * Given white feathers to shame objectors into joining up * Government set up tribunals to decide if there were genuine reasons not to go to war * Could force them to help war effort in non-combatant roles on front line * Those who refused were imprisoned, if refused orders they were shot.Threat of shells, bombs and fear of invasion* Shelling of coastal towns celestial latitude 1914 shelled Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool killing 119 people * Zeppelin and Gotha bombing raids smaller zeppelins started bombing January 1915 responsible 564 deaths and 1370 injuries. Later larger Gotha airships from May 1917 responsible for 835 deaths and 1990 injuries. First time UK vulnerable to orthogonal air attack. * P reparation for invasion shelling of costal ports lead to plans issued in event of invasion.Organising Britain for war* Defence of the Realm Act (DORA) August 1914* DORA gave government powers over nearly all areas of life including seizing businesses, land and controlling the spread of information * Control of industry mining industry taken over by government, improved wages of workers. * Lloyd George headed new Ministry of Munitions created after shell crisis of May 1915. * Introduced modern techniques and dramatically improved efficiency controlled over 20,000 factories. * Took over shipbuilding, mines and train networks.* Brought in boozing laws, controlled pubs (watered down beer) and controlled football fixtures. * Railways needed to move troops around to ports to send them to France. Guaranteed the companies the same profit levels as 1913. Same thing happened with mines.Controlling food fruit* Threat to food imports UK relied on foreign imports of food and with the unre stricted German U boat campaign from 1916 faced severe food shortages and by April 1917 had 9 weeks supply left. * Germany wanted to starve Britain to the negotiation table * Imported 80% wheat, 50% milk, 50% fruit and veg, 100% sugar. * Improve supply of food think on expanding cultivation by increasing amount of arable land and expand agricultural workforce with Womens Land Army. * Rich people bought more food than they needed causing prices to rise.Rationing Also Ministry of Food of food set up anti-waste campaign and subsidised price of bread. * Voluntary rationing replaced by compulsory scheme in 1918, rationing included meat, sugar and butter. Ended in 1920. * Changes to British lifestyle Asquith ran war effort as business as usual. * Lloyd George attacked waste, idleness and drunkenness and introduced restrictions on public entertainment (e.g. banning sports event and public holidays) and the sale and consumption of alcohol introduced idea of total war effort. * Loss of holidays lead to strikes in 1917 and 1918.How effective was Government propaganda during the war?Newspapers* Tight controls on what journalists on the front line could say. * Censored the wording of the reports.* No hap lists until May 1915.* Ministry of Information censored letters home from soldiers, soldiers felt betrayed that their families believed the lies produced by the newspapers.Posters, postcards and cartoons* Useful visiual impact, 110 were published during the war, 5 million copies issued. * Range of messages anti-German, anti-waste and morale aggrandisement themes, recruitment. * All avoided any explicit description of the war.* Used postcards to develop themes e.g. Telling the Story which showed the progression of a young soldier to his proud parents and family.Official photographs and paintings* baseborn number of official photographers at the start of the war, 4, compared to Germanys 50 and Frances 35. * Werent allowed to photograph dead bodies.* Later when Lord Beaverbrook became Minister of Information he gave the photographers more freedom as he wanted to collect a record of the war.Official films* Used as newsreels.* Aimed to persuade people to help the war effort by mocking Germans and praising the British effort. * Most famous, The Battle of the Somme, consisted of staged and real footage. * Played to huge audiences and shocked many people with graphic scenes of death.Why did some women get the vote after the war?* Lloyd George had replaced Asquith in 1916 and he was more sympathetic to the idea. * Soldiers had lost right to vote by being abroad for a long time, needed more voters. * War work by women destroyed arguments of MPs against votes for women. * Many men were now in favour of women getting the vote after their contribution to the war effort Britain may have lost the war without their help. * One of the arguments against women getting the vote was that they couldnt help to defend their country, this argument was now invalid. * Conservative MPs were happy women under 30 wouldnt get vote as they were disquieted young working-class women vote Labour. * Liberal and Labour MPs were happy all women over 30 would get the vote. This meant working-class, middle and upper class, so they wouldnt all vote Conservative. * The Government was afraid that the suffragettes would restart their campaign after the war and didnt want to imprison those who helped them win the war.On the other hand* Many men, especially those in trade unions, did not welcome women workers in the First World War. They were worried that they would work for lower wages and take their jobs. They were not impressed by the work that women did * Some women did not support the war effort, for example, Sylvia Pankhurst. She campaigned against the war. Some members of the NUWSS continued to campaign for votes for women. Did the Government really feel it wanted to get these women? * The women who did much of the really dangerous, hard, and crucial wo rk in the war were young and working class, for example, the munitions workers. And yet they were not given the vote in 1918After the warWhat was the attitude of the British people at the end of the war towards the Germans and the Paris Peace Conference?Attitudes towards Germany* Impact of wartime propaganda and casualty figures effect of anti-German propaganda and UK casualties of over 600,000 * Felt Germany should be severely punished as they started the war * Public mood and the 1918 election Lloyd George and the Conservatives dominated the collation given mandate to hang the Kaiser and squeeze GermanyAttitudes towards war in general* Influence of war poets Sassoon etc. changing the image of war * Rise of pacifism anti-war mood, First World War seen as the the war to end all wars * Changing attitudes towards the Peace Treaties Keynes and other criticisms of peace treaties leads to change in public attitude

Metaphysical Poets Essay

The term metaphysical poets was coined by the poet and critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose conclave of British lyric poets of the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of conceits, and by speculation most topics such as love or religion. These poets were non formally affiliated most of them did non even know or read each other (Wikipedia). Their work is a blend of emotion and cerebral ingenuity, characterized by conceit or witthat is, by the sometimes violent yoking together of app atomic number 18ntly unconnected ideas and things so that the reader is startled out of his complacency and forced to think through the argument of the poem. Metaphysical poetry is less concerned with expressing feeling than with analyzing it, with the poet exploring the recesses of his consciousness.The boldness of the literary devices usedespecially obliquity, irony, and paradoxis ofttimes reinforced by a dramatic flatness of language and by rhythms derived from tha t of living speech. Esteem for Metaphysical poetry never stood higher than in the mid-thirties and 40s, largely because of T.S. Eliots influential essay The Metaphysical Poets (1921), a review of Herbert J.C. Griersons anthology Metaphysical Lyrics & Poems of the Seventeenth Century. In this essay Eliot argued that the works of these men cost a fusion of thought and feeling that later poets were unable to achieve because of a dissociation of sensibility, which resulted in works that were either intellectual or activated but not both at once. In their own time, however, the epithet metaphysical was used pejoratively in 1630 the Scottish poet William Drummond of Hawthornden objected to those of his contemporaries who attempted to mouse poetry to metaphysical ideas and scholastic quiddities.At the end of the century, John Dryden censured Donne for affecting the metaphysics and for perplexing the minds of the fair sex with nice speculations of philosophy when he should engage their hearts . . . with the softnesses of love. Samuel Johnson, in referring to the learning that their poetry displays, also dubbed them the metaphysical poets, and the term has continued in use ever since. Eliots adoption of the label as a term of praise is arguably a better guide to his personal aspirations about his own poetry than to the Metaphysical poets themselves his use of metaphysical underestimates these poets debt to lyrical and socially engaged verse. Nonetheless, the term is useful for identifying the often-intellectual character of their writing (Encyclopedia Britannica). Without doubt Samuel Johnsons choice of the word metaphysical to describe the followers of Donne was directly influenced by these originally usages (the Cleveland passage is quoted in Johnsons Dictionary of 1755 to illustrate the definition of Metaphysicks).The category of poetry that indulged in metaphysics was a live one for later seventeenth-century poets, but for them metaphysics was a word used to m ark the point at which strongly argued verse bordered on self-parody. There is more value than this, however, in the sort out name. stock-still in the to begin with seventeenth century members of the core group of metaphysical poets were connected by a number of social, familial, and literary ties. Izaak Walton relates that Donne and George Herbert enjoyed a long and loved friendship, made up by such a Sympathy of inclinations, that they coveted and joyed to be in each others Company (Walton, 578). Donne addressed poems to Herberts mother, Magdalen, and preached her funeral sermon, as well as writing a poem to Herberts pal, Edward, passe-partout Herbert. Herbert of Cherbury in turn read both Donnes poetry and that of his own brother with care, and was a friend of Thomas Carew and Aurelian Townshend. Henry Wotton was the addressee of epistles in both verse and prose from his close friend John Donne, and at one point intended to deliver a life of Donne.Henry King (whose father ordained John Donne) was in daily contact with Donne at St Pauls Cathedral, where the older poet was doyen while King was chief residentiary. Donne bequeathed to King a portrait of himself dressed in his winding-sheet. Not surprisingly Kings verse is haunted by that of his friend, from whom he received manuscripts, as well as books and musical themes for sermons. Later in the century there were other close groupings of poets, who, although not linked by direct personal familiarity with Donne and Herbert, were bound to each other by ties of family, friendship, and literary consanguinity. Thomas Stanley was a cousin of Richard Lovelace and the nephew of William Hammond, and became a friend of John Hall, one of the most underrated of the pocket-size metaphysical poets.Cowley was a friend and eventually elegist of Richard Crashaw. Pockets of metaphysicality also survived in several institutions it cannot be an accident that Henry King, Abraham Cowley, Thomas Randolph, William Cartwrig ht, and John Dryden all attended Westminster School. scarce by the later seventeenth century the bonds of friendship and affinity that had linked Donne and Herbert were in the main replaced by looser ties of literary indebtedness. Declaratory utterances to imagined or absent addressees who are summoned into being by the force of the speakers eloquence are common among poems by members of these networks, as are works that explore the balance and asymmetry between the demands of the body and the spirit. Direct attempts to persuade, either through comparisons or through arguments that self-consciously display their logical elisions, are also among the most evident legacies left-hand(a) by Donne to his poetical heirs.No single one of these elements constitutes a metaphysical style, and it would also be wrong to suppose that all of them must be infix in a given poem for it to be regarded as belonging to the tradition. It is also incorrect to believe that a poet who sometimes wrote po ems in a metaphysical manner was always and in every poem a metaphysical. The metaphysical style was various. It also changed in response to historical events. Donnes Poems and Herberts The temple were both posthumously printed in 1633. Those publications immediately extended the literary communities of their authors through time and space, and the fact that both volumes were posthumous had a significant effect on the kind of influence they exerted. Donne and Herbert rapidly became models for imitation, but they could also be regarded as ideal representatives of an age that had passed.Imitation of them could therefore become an act not undecomposed of nostalgia, but of politically or theologically motivated nostalgiaas occurs most notably and heavy-handedly in the high Anglican pastiches of Herbert included in The Synagogue by Christopher Harvey, which was regularly bound with The Temple after 1640. In the political and ecclesiastical upheavals of the 1640s the metaphysical style moved on. Imitating Herbert in particular could signal a inclination to resist the depredations suffered by the English church during the civil war. Richard Crashaws Steps to the Temple (1646) explicitly links itself by its title to Herberts volume. The editions of 1646 and 1648 include On Mr. G. Herberts Booke, which declares Divinest love lyes in this booke. Henry Vaughans preface to the second volume of Silex scintillans (1655) ascribes to Herberts influence his conversion from writing secular poems, and he marks the debt by adopting the titles of several poems by Herbert for his own works.By the second part of Silex these allusions to Herbert carried a political charge, intimating Vaughans resistant attitude to the forcible ejection of conservatively disposed(p) ministers from churches in his native Wales by commissioners acting under the parliamentary ordinance for the propagation of the gospel. The gradual replacement of networks of closely connected individuals by relationsh ips between deceased authors and their readers is perhaps a central reason for the emergence of metaphysics (in the pejorative sense) in later seventeenth-century verse. The two later poets stigmatized by Johnson as metaphysical, Cleveland and Cowley, knew Donne only as a voice in a book. Efforts to reanimate that voice often show signs of strain. But the move from personal to textual connection between members of the group did not always have undesirable consequences.Andrew Marvell, who ever since John Aubreys Brief life has tended to be regarded as an isolated figure in the literary landscape, has perhaps the most distinctive poetic voice of any member of the group. By describing pastoral figures with wounded or sullied innocence who argue perplexedly about their own fate and the unattainability of their own desires, Marvell transformed the metaphysical style into an idiom appropriate for a period of political division and national crisis.He was not entirely disconnected from its other practitioners he was at Trinity College, Cambridge, at the same time as Abraham Cowley, and he wrote a commemorative poem for Henry, Lord Hastings, in Lacrymae musarum (1649), a volume that included poems by Dryden as well as John Hall. He and Hall were both among those who composed dedicatory poems for Richard Lovelaces Lucasta (1648). care Cleveland, Marvell owed his reputation in the later part of his career largely to his political and satirical poems, but his posthumously published Miscellaneous Poems (1681) shows that a reader of earlier metaphysical verse who actively responded to his changing times could transform the idiom of his predecessors (Oxford Dictionary of National Biography).Works cited Colin Burrow, Metaphysical poets (act. c.1600c.1690), Oxford Dictionaryof National Biography, online edn, Oxford University Press, Feb 2009 http//www.oxforddnb.com/view/theme/95605, accessed 5 Aug 2012 Encyclopedia Britannicawww.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/377915/Metaphys ical-poet Wikipediahttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical_poets

A New Fertilizer Product for Vegetables

First, a exhilarating component of fertiliser is obtained. This should not be very pricey, because we need an invention that can be apply by every category of people.The merchandise must be sufficient to supply good fodder to names for their vigorous and long life. Another motive which has supported this research in demeanor is to reduce the troth of blazing of tropical plants.Research QuestionsThe study for manufacturing most modern fertilizers for the augmentation of vegetables is founded on the subsequent research questions-What is the course of serve for manufacturing fertilizers? Which nourishment is less costly? Which fertilizers can be use commercially and which ones can be used by common public. Also, whether these fertilizers convene to the expected needs of clients or not. Hypothesis for the ExperimentMacrobiotic fertilizer is less expensive and will be used socially, while on the other hand, tropical plant fertilizer will be more expensive and commercially used.Subje ctsTo obtain low priced fertilizers, assigned to a financial group. Quality check assigned to the department of health. Macrobiotic FertilizerObjectTo produce a stimulant that can be prepared in simple steps and can be extensively used for supporting the growth of plants.Elements used in the Manufacturing of Macrobiotic FertilizerFor obtaining this fertilizer, we require a concoction of limes, seed feast, gypsum, fillet and kelp feast.ProcedureMix the all 4 components of seed meals with regular limes now add of gypsum small-arm in the combination. Lastly, add of the dolomitic lime. To obtain the finest result, a small amount of bone feast should in addition be added.ResultBy the application of macrobiotic fertilizer on crops, it is concluded that the crop growth is lots healthier and faster than before. The experiment shows that when the elements were bought in bulk, the cost was not very high, and this product is expected to be in more demand because of its lower prices (Aubr ey Vaughn, April 4, 2007).

Neuroanatomy Paper Essay

The limbic system is a diverse collection of cortical and subcortical regions that are crucial for normal human behavior (Martin, 2003). jibe to Martin (2003), nineteenth century neurologist and anatomist recognized that damage to particular parts of the human brain were associated with disorders of feeling and shop these lesions , unlike those of the cerebellum, occipital lobe, or cortical regions around the central sulcus, for example, spared perception and movement. This research persist to the understanding that the neural systems of emotions, learning and memory, and their interconnections, are grouped into a single system, called the limbic system. Based on Martin (2003), brain structures for emotions, learning and memory have been conserved throughout much of the vertebrate evolution, reflecting the common and valuable need for these functions. The diverse functions of the limbic system include important roles in learning and memory and in emotions and their behavioral and visceral consequences. According to Martin (2003), many of the structures have a C-shaped configuration the limbic system has lead C-shaped comp unitarynts (1) the limbic association cortex, (2) the hippocampal songation and fornix, (3) and part of the corpus amygdaloideum (bed of stria terminalis) and the stria terminalis. Hippocampal circuits are engaged in consolidating explicit memories, such as the conscious recollection of facts, and in forming spatial memories the hippocampal formation works nearly with adjoining entorrhinal cortex, so much so that the two are functionally inseparable (Martin, 2003). According to Martin (2003), these structures get complex sensory and cognitive information from the limbic association cortex damage to the hippocampal formation or entorrhinal cortex, depending on the extent, quite a little result in severe and pervasive anterograde amnesia.As Martin stated, in this form of amnesia, impairments occur in semantic memory, such as knowledge of facts, people, and objects, including new word meaning, and the episodic memory of events that have a specific spatial and temporal context, such meeting a friend at long last week and by contrast, patients with hippocampal damage are capable of remembering procedures and actions (i.e., implicit or non-declarative memory), and they retain the depicted object for a variety of simple forms of learning and memory. The output neurons of the hippocampal formation are pyramidal neurons, similar to the neopallium covering most of the cerebral hemisphere, and they are located in the hippocampus and subiculum (Martin, 2003). Two output systems can be distinguished within the fornix, from the subiculum and the hippocampus although these systems are involved in the cognitive aspects of learning and memory, it is non yet understood how their functions differ. The innervations of the limbic system by the major neurotransmitter regulatory systems appear to be curiously important for norma l thoughts, moods, and behaviors. This conclusion is based on the observation that many of the drugs used to treat psychiatrical illness the disorders of thought, such as schizophrenia, and of mood, such as depression and anxiety selectively affect one of the neurotransmitters systems this neurotransmitter system have direct and widespread connections with the limbic system (Martin, 2003). Pyramidal cells of the entorhinal cortex send their axons to the dentate gyrus to synapses on granule cells, which is the perforrant pathway. Based on Martin (2003), it is not known how the myriad connections of the entorhial cortex and hippocampal formation are organized to play a role in memory consolidation however, an important clue exists the enduringness of many synapses in the hippocampal formation can be modified under various experimental conditions. The amygdala has three major divisions, which collectively are involved in emotions and their behavioral expression the basolateral nucl ei, the central nuclei, and the corticomedal nucleiReferencesMartin, J. H. (2003). Neuroanatomy textbook and Atlas. New York McGraw-Hill Professional.

Politics and Administration Essay

Introduction186, 207, 221?Power Struggle between the pro-democratic and pro-conservatism One of the reasons that led to such a tragic end for Tiananmen Movement is the force-out struggle between the two camps of leaders, pro-democratic (Former world(a) Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Zhao Ziyang) and pro-conservatism (Deng Xiao Ping). In 2009, a memoir was published based on audiotapes recorded by Zhao Ziyang, called prisoner of the State The Secret Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang, he mentioned that he didnt want to be a General Secretary who opens fire on the people. From this, we could agnizely tell by that time, Zhao differed in opinion from Deng and opposite conservative leaders, like Li Peng on how to handle the bookman movement, i.e. whether to pursue a peaceful or a military solution. http//blog.foolsmountain.com/2009/06/03/tiananmen-1989-a-need-for-dialogue-20-years- latelyr/ One very crucial turning hint that we know is that by that time, the CCP General Secret ary made a scheduled official visit to North Korea, which turned out to be a bad decision at the time of turmoil this was because on April 26th CCP cardinal issued an tower on Peoples Daily in the absence of Zhao Ziyang, which was titled Uphold the flag to uniquely oppose any turmoil, denouncing that the patriotic student movement as a turmoil combust by an extremely small handful of opportunists. http//www.alliance.org.hk/64/6420/?page_id=521According to Wu Jiaxiang, a former aide and a jumper cable political scientist in capital of Red China, Zhao Ziyang, before leaving for North Korea on April 21st, had instructed that no politburo meeting should be held in his absence but other CCP leaders, likle Yang Shankun & Li Peng immediately convened a CCP Expanded Poliburo Meeting, hence reported to Deng Xiaoping with meeting opinions, and then borrowed Deng Xiaopings mouth in stating that CCP should not fear bloodshed.And in Zhao Zhiyangs self account, recorded by Yang Jisheng, he c laimed that it was li Ximing & Chen Xitong who contacted Wan Li on the night of April 21st in request of convening a commissar meeting that Wan Li relayed the info to Li Peng. Later, according to ________, Li Peng convened the meeting on the night of 24th, reported it to Deng Xiaoping on 25th, and was definitive to relay Dengs opinions to communist cadres and that Li Peng took advantage of the occasion to draft a newspaper exposition for publication on April 26th. By the time Zhao returned to China after the scheduled visit, he found it was adept too late to remedy the situation as hostilities between the government and the people stomach been greatly aggravated.Other than the mis-communication over the Peoples Dailys chromatography column, we may gain further insights into the power struggle between the party leaders by taking a look at a previous document obtained by CNN and indite by Bao Tong, a close aide to Zhao Ziyang, describing in head the events leading up to the cra ckdown on student protests in Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989. September 25, 1989 mate Hu Yaobang died on April 15, soon after which the student demonstrations began. I was extremely worried. Comrade Xiaoping pointed out in his speech on April 25 that the overwhelming priority in China is stability I completely agreed with his point I also wanted to maintain stability and prevent turmoil. Specifically, I wanted to make an motion to reduce tensions and to avoid precipitating the tension into clashes. The Peoples Daily April 26th pillar, in my view, was acid in language and lacked analysis and persuasiveness I had my reservations about it. On May 19 and 20, the Central citizens committee announced the decision to send the military into Beijing and declare martial law in my heart, I believed we made a terribly wrong move I was afraid that we would be confine in a very difficult situation, riding a tiger, hard to get-off.The Central Standing Committee collectively criticized Comr ade Zhao Ziyang I felt it was unfair. 1.1 It was I who first informed Comrade Ziyang that the April 26th editorial had aggravated the confrontational mood of students and people who had previously go forn a neutral position. Comrade Ziyang returned to Beijing from North Korea on April 30th. As soon as he returned, I reported to him as follows Students have been demonstrating in the streets since April 27th. There were so many of them that it was impossible to blockade there were also lots of onlookers by-line them. Some government officials sympathized with the demonstrations. There were signs that the incident was escalating and expanding there were a great number of students and others who resented the April 26th editorial and believed that it was unfriendly towards them. I spoke about my opinion of the editorial the confident(p) side of the editorial was that it presented Comrade Xiaopings thoughts that China must maintain stability and must not fall into turmoil.However, th e editorial was written in a very harsh tone, did not adequately present reasons and lacked analysis. It also did not take into consideration the acceptance of people who were previously neutral. Since there were so many people who believed that the editorial was hostile to them, it was obvious that the editorial did not express its ideas clearly. Comrade Ziyang did not express his own opinions at that time. after(prenominal) a few days, he said to me It seems that there are flaws in the editorial. Comrade Ziyang certainly speculate his opinions in his own way, but it was I who first reported to him about the editorial with this point of view. http//edition.cnn.com/2001/ conception/asiapcf/east/04/22/tiananmen.document.01/ Students Uncollective ActionsAs discussed above, power struggle among the party leaders is one of the factors in leading to the unwanted tragedy of the June 4th Movement, but as I argue down below, the chaotic and irregular internal management of various studen t movements are by nature underlying factors to the tragedy. After the April 27 demonstration, the government commenced to open up dialogues with students, and the government seemed to take the initiative to adopt a more positive approach towards the student movement. The governments willingness to concede and negotiate have lit up the expect for the majority of students that the entire student movement might come to a peaceful end(Source Book) Yet, almost by the same time, the leadership and organization of the movement among the student leaders became problematic.Not only did the student movement organizations hold different points of views towards the movement strategies, some of the student leaders also paid no respect to organizational claims, and much often instead, they themselves acted on behalf of their organizations. One fine example would be the upshot of Zhou Yongjun, who was the president of Beijing Autonomous Federation. He helped organize another big demonstration o n May 4. However, without any consent from his fellows and colleagues, he announced the end of class strike without a clear resolution within the leadership. http//www.standoffattiananmen.com/2009/04/people-of-1989-zhou-yongjun.htmlIn order to better describe the dividing powers among the student leaders during the late stages of June 4th Movement, Zhao (2001) simply grouped the student demonstrators by that time into three groups, which are called respectively dialog committal Group, Beijing Students Autonomous Group and the so-called charismatic group http//site.ebrary.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/lib/hkulibrary/docDetail.action?docID=10402626 As Zhao (2001) noted, the students that belonged to Dialogue Delegation Group were eager for the coming dialogue with the government.ReferencesGonzales, Eduardo, L. and Gillespie, C.G. (1994). Presidentialism and Democratic Stability in Uruguay. In J. J. Linz and A. Valenzuela (Ed.), The distress of Presidential Democracy, proportional Perspec tive (pp. 151 178). Baltimore The John Hopkins University PressHanan, D. (2007). Presidentialism, parliamentarism and semi-presidentialism Incentives and disincentives in achieving multiple democratic goals. Retrieved fromhttp//djayadihanan.blogspot.com/2007/12/presidentialism-parliamentarism-and.htmlLinz, Juan J. (1994). The chastening of Presidential Democracy. The Case of Latin the States. In J. J. Linz and A. Valenzuela (Ed.), Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy Does it Make a Difference? (pp.7).Baltimore The Johns Hopkins University PressMaeda, K. & Nishikawa M. (2006). Duration of Party Control in Parliamentary and Presidential Governments A assume of Sixty-Five Democracies, 1950-1998. Retrieved from http//www.bsu.edu/web/mnishikawa/MaedaNishikawa2006CPS.pdfMainwaring, S. (1993). Presidentialism, Multipartiism, and Democracy, The Difficult Combination. Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 26 No. 2 (pp. 198 228)Mainwaring, S. & Shugart, M. (1993). Juan Linz, presidential ism, and democracy A critical appraisal. Retrieved from http//www.nd.edu/kellogg/publications/workingpapers/WPS/200.pdfPower, Timothy and Mark J. Gasiorowski. (1997). Institutional Design and Democratic Consolidation in the Third World. Comparative Political Studies.Shugart, M. S., & Carey, J. M. (1992). Presidents and assemblies constitutional design and electoral dynamics. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Valenzuela, A. (1994). Party Politics and the Crisis of Presidentialism in Chile A marriage proposal for a Parliamentary Form of Government. In J. J. Linz and A. Valenzuela (Ed.), The Failure of Presidential Democracy The Case of Latin America (pp. 93). Baltimore The Johns Hopkins University Press

A favourite product, service, or organization (PSO): Piano Essay

IntroductionRic punishing Clayderman, David Foster, and many other familiar euphonyians have one thing in common they have quality of playing a melodious instrument the forte- diffused. soft is a restorativeular instrument especially for private househ experient ownership +among the middle and upper classes. Hence, gentles have gained a pop out in the popular awargonness. A subdued is one of the largest consumer purchases most people go forth ever settle. in so far when we shop for a piano, we are up against a vast variety of brands, models, and styles, competing claims, and strange terminology.Maybe for near people a piano is just a piano. It is an easy choice. They just get hold of to pick the polish they want. On the other hand, a piano is a vehicle to release emotions, to discipline their self, to achieve rattling(a) joy, to work, to create. These are the people whose heads spin when shopping for a piano because it is difficult to use logic to make an emotional de cision.Most people are genuine, caring and careful. The to a greater extent(prenominal) we know about pianos and the misdirecting process, the easier it will be to trust what people are telling us. We will tactile property more(prenominal) comfortable if we solicit for assurances. Reputable school principals, teachers, tuners and brokers will welcome our analysis.Concerning the Piano crossroad, this paper will discuss about the enigma in the gross revenue of Piano by using appropriate merchandise theory to explain why the worry arises. In addition, we will also compare the Piano with other competing product.Problem StatementDespite the declining trend, the occasion sees that pianos in general have grown progressively larger and more powerful over the knightly couple of centuries, with thicker and heavier strings under higher tension. Just like a car, a piano is an investment. We should plow our purchase of a piano with at least as much care as we would in buying a car.N owadays, we heard that the piano industry is corrupt, run by dishonest people, who only take on in scandalous and disreputable selling methods. Need to be known that it is non true. The piano industry is an fabulously wonderful segment of the musical instrument industry. The people are fantastic, talented and very utilise. Piano businesses mustiness make a pro stop in order to operate.In fact, regarding pianos, some people experience more traumas in selecting than in choosing a car, a house, or an oral surgeon. If we are a novice and feel we lack enough knowledge about pianos, do not hesitate to find someone who does to jockstrap inform us.One of the most terrifying experiences for most pianists is get a piano. The more advanced the pianist, the more important the response. How the piano reacts to the pianists touch describes response. Advanced pianists can and do overplay lesser quality pianos.In addition to the changing economical and technological situation (the IT boom, t he invention of electronic keyboard, the change magnitude inflation and fuel price that result in the increasing price of almost all consumer goods and many others), the other possible reason could be the reducing concerns on buying a piano.A limitation of the re appear is that observation method does not involve direct interviews which will slightly reduce objectivity and the accuracy of teaching. We are retrieving more reliable data from experts analysis, journals and various publications from available media. Using the data resources above, we are hoping to present an independent and objective analysis toward the contemporary issue.Recommendations of the future research include using the inputs from sellers and dealers of musical instrument using primary research about the changing consumer behaviour towards the purchase of a piano. To choose the comprehensive picture, it had better that the future research use large sample size and including the opinions of economists and mu sicians in assessing the problem and suggesting appropriate solutions.Research ObjectiveThis paper intends to find out the underlying reasons that explain the declining number of sales of Piano in recent yearsUsing the non-participant observation method, collecting data and analyzing qualitative information from journal, books, magazine and other online materials, this paper is to conduct analysis of piano-purchase behaviourIn addition, the paper aims at decision suitable alternative technology substituting Piano as a music instrument.Piano mathematical product DescriptionPianos are very individual instruments and, like shoes, one size does not necessarily fit all. Playing it for a few minutes will give you an idea of the action and sound. Consumers are bombarded with so many claims, graphs, color charts, misinformation and fancy words, from so many different sources. Their heads start to spin. It is no wonder the more one shops around for a piano, or whatever, the more confused on e give ways.If people are an aim artist or a professional musician, they should buy the finest piano built in their own estimation. That piano should have nothing less than complete artistic capabilities. The extra cost will not core to much, and they will receive the extra benefit of owning and playing a piano of superior quality. Materials will shine the sound and longevity of a piano. However, do not base our final decision on purchasing a piano on materials alone (Fine, 2006).If we know and trust the dealer, our only real concern is get the model we want at the right price. If we do not know the dealer, it cannot hurt to take a piano tuner or a pianist along to advise us, even if it does hurt the dealers feeling.To do so would probably require that high quality pianos cost two to triple terms what they do now, and they are already very expensive. The problem arises, though, when pianos arrive at customers homes in a state of adjustment far below the acceptable standard. M ost people who are not see pianists, and even some who are, are not familiar enough with what should be expected, to know when there is a problem.The development of musical instrument leads to the variety of Piano models and price. In general, there are two kinds of Piano they are just pianos and flat pianos. Horizontal pianos are named after their model that has height and the strings position. In particular, the height of this piano model is about 36 to 60 inches (Figure 1). There are four types of vertical pianos they are Spinet, Console, Studio, Upright (About.com, 2008).Figure 1 43 Vertical Piano rise Wyman Piano Company. (2007).Meanwhile, the horizontal pianos also refer to peremptory pianos, which named after their model that has length and their strings placement. Furthermore, there are 6 basic types of pianos they are Petite tremendous, Baby Grand, Medium Grand, Semi concert or Ballroom, and Concert Grand (About.com, 2008).Figure 2 Pearl River 61 Grand PianoSource Ono frio Piano Company. (2007) wherefore Piano becomes My favouritePiano become my favourite musical instrument due to the original sounds generated by the instrument and many great classical and pop musicians have great works when played by Piano. For example, works of J.S. Back, Mozart is well-produced when they are played by Piano solo. The condition is the resembling when I hear pop musician like Ric unenviable Clayderman or David Foster. Based on my favourite musicians, I choose Piano as my favourite product.Comparison Acoustic Piano vs. Keyboard (Electric Piano)Technical ConsiderationsThe difference between digital piano and electronic piano is major about the technical issue of sounds producing. On an acoustical (real) piano, the key mechanism is hammer based, which means that there would be different sounds if a person differently plays the keys. If the person presses the keys hard (quick), it causes the hammer to hit the string strongly and will produce strong sounds. In cont rast, if the key is press lightly, the hammer will hit the string mildly, causing a gentle sound (Lee, 2002).Unlike the acoustic piano, the electronic piano is electronically produced, which means that the electric piano cannot differentiate the soft or hard press in the keys by the players. Whatever the players/musicians press the keys, the electric piano will produce the same sounds (Lee, 2002).Non-Technical ConsiderationsIn non-technical get a lineations, the use of electric piano usually for those who wants to master multiple instruments at the same time since it has several buttons to produce artificial instrument sound like drum, guitar, and also the background music. Meanwhile, Piano is dedicated for a person who wants to master the single instrument.Piano Sales 2000-2004Although the vast model of piano does not produce different the quality of produced sound so much, in the market, the vertical pianos model still become the most popular model, followed by grand and electric pianos.Figure 3 Compositions of Piano Sales in 2000 2004Sources Giles communications LLC. (2006). display panel 1 show that the sales of vertical pianos reach 50,000 units per year meanwhile the grand pianos reach 30,000 unit per annum.Table 1 Sales History of Piano Since 1990sSources Giles Communications LLC. (2006)Table 2 Comparison of Piano Producers Competitive AdvantageMarketing ConceptMarketing is not circumscribed to business situation. All of us are involved in marketing on a day-after-day basis, whether we are applying for a new job, asking for a raise or trying to sell our old car. Marketing involves every aspect of business from the manufacturing of a product to actual point of sale (How-To, 2001) ware Development & Manufacturing.PromotionPresentationPricingOne of marketing concept that explains the product despatchering is product life cycle that represents one essential element in the marketing mix the product has a concept or terminology, which is known in marketi ng environment. The concept is called output Life Cycle. In general, Product Life Cycle has four distinct stages where Pianos always experienceIntroduction Stages is a period of remit sales growth as the product is introduced in the market.Growth Stage is a period of quick market acceptance and increasing profits.Maturity Stage is a period of slow down in sales growth because the product has achieved acceptance by most potential buyers. Profits level off or decline because of increased marketing outlays to defend the product against competition.Decline Stage is the period when sales fall off and profits drop.Figure 4 Product Life Cycle of PianoSource Internet Center for Management and Business Administration. 2004Nature and Form of ResultsActually, buying pianos is very simple. All we compulsion to know is our price range, the features we want, and the manufacturer. On the other hand, if we are buying electronic piano, it is easier. We do not need an experienced piano technician to help us evaluate the piano. I think that more people buy on appearance than anything else does. If we see a piano that is beautiful on the outside, this does not mean that the interior will match in terms of quality.Logically speaking, it would be prohibitively expensive for a piano manufacturer to spend all the extra time devoted to the persons instruments on a piano that was not intended for such critical use, or where the person ultimately buying the piano may not appreciate or even notice all the additional effort and put down (Fine, Larry).When we want to go piano shopping, go to a store that has a reputation for reliability in our community. Look with suspicion upon one that is constantly advertising bargains. The salesperson, if a professional may ask us several questions before he or she even attempts to show or demonstrate any piano. Do not resent this. They are simply trying to help us select the best piano adapted to our purse and purpose. He or she may ask us if we have children who will be expected to study the piano. They may want to know the approximate size of our living room (Viewing and buying an Upright Piano).We need to know that a piano is expensive to purchase but as has been pointed out, a keyboard is not an optimal substitute for this instrument. One solution would be renting a piano. Many music stores listed in the yellow pages offer this service (Viewing and Purchasing an Upright Piano).People also must consider the beauty of what they see, the beauty of what they hear, and the value of their investment. The final answer to each of these considerations depends largely on each ad hominem situation.ReferenceAbout.com. (2008). The Piano. Retrieved February 22, 2008 from http//musiced.about.com/od/beginnersguide/a/pianotypes.htmFine, Larry. (2006). Looking for a Piano (Or Zen and the Art of Piano Buying). Retrieved February 22, 2008 from http//216.109.125.130/search/ cache?p=less+people+buying+piano&prssweb=Search&ei=UTF-8&fr=FP-ta b-web-t&x=wrt&u=www.jwpepper.com/catalog/art_PaBuyPbookFine15.jsp&w=less+people+buying+piano&d=YhcKEW1aMPml&icp=1&.intl=usGiles Communications LLC. (2006). U.S. Piano Sales History. Retrieved February 22, 2008 from http//www.pianonet.com/saleshist.htmHow To Understand Marketing. The How-To Network. Retrieved February 24, 2008 from Internet Center for Management and Business Administration. (2004). The Product Life Cycle. Retrieved February 22, 2008 from http//www.quickmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/Lee, Xah. (2002). Piano keyboard actions Acoustic vs. Modern Weighted. Retrieved February 23, 2008 from http//xahlee.org/UnixResource_dir/writ/piano_action1.htmlOnofrio Piano Company. (2007). Pearl River. Retrieved February 22, 2008 from http//www.onofriopiano.com/Onofrio_PearlRiver_Piano.htmPIANO SALES. (2005). Retrieved February 22, 2008 from http//72.14.207.104/search?q=cacheKmGHytxxtb8Jwww.winchesterpianos.co.uk/sales.html+Why+are+less+people+buying+new+pianos+nowadays%3F&hl=id&g l=id&ct=clnk&cd=6RECENT MARKET FACTS. Retrieved February 20, 2008 from http//www.bluebookofpianos.com/basics.htmWyman Piano Company. (2007). Vertical Pianos. Retrieved February 22, 2008 from http//www.wymanpiano.com/gallery/gimages/wv110chy.jpg